The diagram below shows the water cycle, which is the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the earth.

 



The diagram below shows the water cycle, which is the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the earth.

Write at least 150 words.


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Useful Vocabulary:

1. Closed loop

  • Definition: A continuous cycle with no beginning or end.
  • Example: "The water cycle operates in a closed loop, ensuring water is continually recycled through various natural processes."

2. Interconnected steps

  • Definition: Stages that are linked and affect one another in a process.
  • Example: "The water cycle is made up of several interconnected steps that drive the movement of water across the planet."

3. Transform into

  • Definition: To change from one form to another.
  • Example: "Water is transformed into vapor as it evaporates from the surface of oceans and other bodies of water."

4. Condensation

  • Definition: The process by which water vapor cools and turns back into liquid.
  • Example: "Condensation in the atmosphere results in the formation of clouds, which play a vital role in the water cycle."

5. Accumulate in

  • Definition: To gather or collect in a particular area or form.
  • Example: "After precipitation, water accumulates in rivers, lakes, and groundwater reserves."

6. Surface runoff

  • Definition: The flow of water over land into bodies of water after rainfall.
  • Example: "Surface runoff helps transport water from highland areas back into rivers and oceans."

7. Saltwater intrusion

  • Definition: The movement of saline water into freshwater systems, often affecting groundwater.
  • Example: "Saltwater intrusion can disrupt the natural water flow, especially in coastal areas."

8. Impervious layer

  • Definition: A layer of soil or rock that does not allow water to pass through.
  • Example: "Impervious layers prevent water from seeping into the ground, directing it toward surface runoff instead."

9. Undergo precipitation

  • Definition: To experience precipitation (rain, snow, sleet, etc.) falling from the atmosphere.
  • Example: "Water vapor in the clouds eventually undergoes precipitation, returning to Earth as rain or snow."

10. Natural reservoir

  • Definition: A storage area for water in the natural environment, such as a lake or groundwater aquifer.
  • Example: "Lakes and groundwater systems serve as natural reservoirs, storing water for extended periods."


The diagram illustrates the stages involved in the water cycle, depicting the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth. This natural process involves several interconnected steps, including evaporation, condensation, and precipitation, which ultimately contribute to water circulation across different environments.

Overall, it is immediately apparent that the cycle operates in a closed loop, with water transitioning between its liquid, vapor, and solid states. The cycle begins with the evaporation of water from ocean surfaces, as the sun’s heat transforms liquid water into vapor. This stage, accounting for 80% of atmospheric water vapor, is crucial for driving the entire process.

Once water vapor rises into the atmosphere, it cools and condenses, forming clouds. Following cloud formation, the water undergoes precipitation, returning to the Earth's surface in various forms, such as rain or snow. This water accumulates in rivers, lakes, and groundwater systems, often filtered through layers, eventually leading back to the ocean or being retained in natural reservoirs.

In the subsequent stages, surface runoff and subsurface infiltration guide water back towards ocean bodies, completing the cycle. Saltwater intrusion and impervious layers can impact water movement, demonstrating that the water cycle is both intricate and affected by geological formations.

In summary, the water cycle is a continuous process of water transfer and transformation, playing a vital role in sustaining life and ecosystems on Earth.

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